Cytokines and Kidney Function Biomarkers in Entamoeba Histolytica-Infected Patients

Abstract

This study investigates the immune response and kidney function in individuals infected with Entamoeba histolytica in Kirkuk, Iraq. Samples were obtained from hospitals and private laboratories between October and December 2024. Among 220 stool samples analyzed for E. histolytica cysts and trophozoites, 130 were excluded due to chronic or concurrent infections. The remaining participants were categorized into two groups: 70 infected individuals and 20 healthy controls. Blood samples were assessed for cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-8, IFN-γ) and kidney function biomarkers (Creatinine, Urea, BUN). Statistical analysis using SPSS revealed significant elevations (p ≤ 0.05) in IL-1β, IL-8, Creatinine, Urea, and BUN levels in infected individuals, suggesting immune activation and potential kidney function impairment. However, no significant differences were noted in IFN-γ levels or the BUN/creatinine ratio. These findings highlight the impact of parasitic infections on immune regulation and kidney health, underscoring the need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in endemic regions.