Polymorphism of Genes in Iraqi Females with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (T2DM) is a global medical challenge, with cytokines playing a significant role in its developing. This study evaluates the frequency of polymorphisms in Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) at position -889 C/T (rs1800587), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) at positions -511 C/T (rs16944) and +3962 C/T (rs1143634) and compared to healthy controls, diabetic patients exhibited an increased risk associated with the T allele of IL-1RL1-27609. In the study, which was conducted by Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, 720 newly diagnosed Iraqi females with T2DM, aged 20-55 years, were included along with 240 age- and gender-matched healthy controls recruited from their own hospital. Genotyping was performed by using 49 patients and 40 normal after excluded others diseases and conducted the PCR-SSP assay, and results were validated by sequencing. Allele and genotype frequencies were analysed, and significant associations were identified. The findings revealed that the T allele and TT genotype of IL-1α (-889 C/T) significantly increased the risk of T2DM, while the C allele and CC genotype were protective. For IL-1β-511 C/T, the T allele acted as a protective factor, whereas the C allele elevated the risk of diabetes. No significant associations were observed for IL-1β +3962 C/T. Interestingly, polymorphisms in the IL-1RL1 receptor -27609 T/C showed that the T allele was related with increased susceptibility to diabetes, whereas the C allele was protective. Polymorphisms in IL-1α-889 C/T, IL-1β -511 C/T, and IL-1RL1 -27609 T/C appear to contribute to the genetic susceptibility to T2DM in Iraqi females. These findings highlight the potential role of interleukin signalling pathways in diabetes development. Further studies with larger, more diverse populations are recommended to confirm these results and explore their clinical implications.