Biosynthesis of biologically active terpenoids in the mint family (Lamiaceae)

Abstract

The Lamiaceae family, the sixth largest among angiosperms, is renowned for its rich diversity of terpenoids, many of which exhibit remarkable bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, psychoactive, anti-cancer, and antiviral effects. Notable examples with fully elucidated biosynthetic pathways include menthol from peppermint, forskolin from blue spur flower, and carnosol from rosemary. For other key Lamiaceae terpenes—such as the anti-cancer oridonin, the psychoactive salvinorin A, and bioactive marrubiin and vitexilactone—significant progress has been made. This review explores the bioactivity and biosynthesis of Lamiaceae terpenes, with a focus on mono- and diterpenes, while highlighting future research directions.